6 Use Cases

1Use case 1: Creating 3D assets
Type of use case	Technical use case
Description	As a content creator, I want to create 3D assets for perception sensor simulation in a standardized format. The assets shall be linked to material properties.
Material and 3D Structure	Materials and 3D Structure
Influencing standards	OGC CDB
Influencing technologies	3D Modeling (for example, 3dsMax and Maya), 3D Engine (for example, Unreal Engine)
Used 3D model formats	glTF, FBX, USD, OSG, OBJ, IVE, udatasmith, FLT, DirectX, 3DS, DAE
Used material formats	MDL
Companies	IAE, IPG Automotive, Foretellix, Persival, PilotD, TrianGraphics
Relevant user	Content creator

2Use case: 2 Creating material data
Type of use case	Technical use case
Description	As a measurement engineer, I want to create material data for use in perception sensor simulation. The data shall consist of physical or measured properties of materials that can be assigned to 3D meshes.
Material and 3D Structure	Materials and 3D Structure
Influencing standards
Influencing technologies
Used 3D model formats	glTF, FBX, USD, OSG, OBJ, IVE, udatasmith
Used material formats	glTF, MDL, AFX, MaterialX, .rrdata.xml (exported from RoadRunner)
Companies	Persival, PilotD
Relevant user	Measurement engineer

3Use case 3: Validating material properties and 3D geometries
Type of use case	Technical use case
Description	As a measurement engineer, I want to validate 3D geometries and material properties. This validation is performed as a comparison of the data, that is, material properties and defined points in the 3D geometry, against measurements from the real world.
Material and 3D Structure	Materials and 3D Structure
Influencing standards
Influencing technologies
Used 3D model formats	glTF, FBX, USD, OSG, OBJ
Used material formats	glTF, MDL, AFX, MaterialX
Companies	Persival
Relevant user	Measurement engineer, regulator

4Use case 4: Title Distributing and reusing material data and 3D assets
Type of use case	Technical use case
Description	As a content creation company, we want to distribute material data and 3D assets under copyright and license considerations. To distribute material data and 3D assets efficiently, it shall be possible to reuse the data and assets in different simulation platforms and sensor models with varying sensor technologies, for example, wavelengths.
Material and 3D Structure	Materials and 3D Structure
Influencing standards
Influencing technologies
Used 3D model formats	glTF, FBX, USD, OSG, OBJ
Used material formats
Companies	ADaC, Ansys, BMW, IPG Automotive, Fortellix, Persival, PilotD
Relevant user	Content creator

5Use case 5: Importing 3D assets linked to material properties between into shared sensor simulation models (FMU)
Type of use case	Technical use case
Description	As a sensor model developer, I want to import 3D assets that are packaged as FMUs into sensor models.
Material and 3D Structure	Materials and 3D Structure
Influencing standards	FMI, ASAM OSI (OSMP), ASAM OpenLABEL, ASAM OpenDRIVE, ASAM OpenSCENARIO
Influencing technologies	Unreal Engine, Unity, OptiX, CUDA
Used 3D model formats	glTF, FBX, USD, OSG, OBJ
Used material formats
Companies	ADaC, Ansys, BMW, Persival
Relevant user	Sensor model developer

6Use case 6: Importing 3D assets linked to material properties into simulation platform
Type of use case	Technical use case
Description	As a simulation platform developer, I want to import 3D assets into a simulation platform.
Material and 3D Structure	Materials and 3D Structure
Influencing standards
Influencing technologies	Unreal Engine, Unity, Unigine, OptiX, CUDA
Used 3D model formats	glTF, FBX, USD, OSG, OBJ
Used material formats
Companies	IPG Automotive
Relevant user	Simulation platform developer

7Use case 7: Retrofitting or changing material properties independent of 3D assets
Type of use case	Technical use case
Description	As a simulation platform developer, I want to be able to add or change material properties independently of 3D assets in a simulation platform.
Material and 3D Structure	Materials
Influencing standards	ASAM OpenLABEL
Influencing technologies	Unreal Engine, Unity, OptiX, CUDA
Used 3D model formats
Used material formats
Companies	Ansys, dSPACE
Relevant user	Simulation platform developer

8Use case 8: Importing 3D assets with included material properties into simulation platform
Type of use case	Technical use case
Description	As a simulation platform developer, I want to import 3D assets with included material properties into a simulation platform.
Material and 3D Structure	Materials and 3D Structure
Influencing standards
Influencing technologies
Used 3D model formats	glTF, FBX, USD, OSG, OBJ
Used material formats
Companies
Relevant user	Simulation platform developer

9Use case 9: Moving object parts in the environment simulation
Type of use case	Technical use case
Description	As a simulation platform or sensor model developer, I want to move objects as well as individual parts of the objects during simulation runtime. These can be parts of a vehicle, for example, wheels and doors or the skeleton bones of a pedestrian. One option to manipulate the imported 3D assets during simulation runtime is using ASAM OSI. In the osi3::GroundTruth message, information about moving and stationary objects is provided from the scenario engine to the sensor model. This entails object positions, orientations, velocities etc. for every simulation time step, but also a so-called model reference. This reference is the path to a 3D asset associated with the object or the stationary environment. Using the pose information together with the 3D mesh data, a 3D environment is constructed and updated for every simulation time step. Further attributes, such as wheel positions for vehicles or bone poses for pedestrians, enable a more refined movement of traffic participants in the 3D environment.
Material and 3D Structure	Materials and 3D Structure
Influencing standards	ASAM OSI
Influencing technologies
Used 3D model formats	glTF, FBX, USD, OSG, OBJ
Used material formats
Companies	Persival
Relevant user	Simulation platform developer

10Use case 10: Simulating energy/signal propagation with 3D assets linked to material properties
Type of use case	Technical use case
Description	As a simulation platform or sensor model developer, I want to simulate the energy/signal propagation using imported 3D assets with linked material properties. This is, for example, done with ray tracing. Rays are launched in a virtual 3D scene to simulate the propagation of light beams, radio waves, or ultrasonic waves. The interaction of the rays with the surfaces of the objects in the 3D environment depends on the material properties of these surfaces. These properties are assigned to the 3D geometries of the objects and imported from a material database. The simulation shall be able to cope with different real-time requirements, for example, SiL, HiL, open-loop, closed-loop etc.
Material and 3D Structure	Materials and 3D Structure
Influencing standards
Influencing technologies	Nvidia OptiX
Used 3D model formats	glTF, FBX, USD, OSG, OBJ
Used material formats
Companies	ADaC, Ansys, Persival, PilotD
Relevant user	Simulation platform developer, sensor model developer, end user

11Use case 11: Using sensor simulation to train perception algorithms
Type of use case	Technical use case
Description	As a perception algorithm developer, I want to use simulated environments for model training and testing, as real-world information collection is too expensive and inconvenient.
Material and 3D Structure	Materials and 3D Structure
Influencing standards	ASAM OSI, ASAM OpenSCENARIO, ASAM OpenDRIVE
Influencing technologies	Unity, OptiX, Regeneration AI
Used 3D model formats
Used material formats
Companies	Jiao Tong University, ViF
Relevant user	End user